E rima ngā wāhanga o te taputapu tiaki ngaru (SPD)

Ngā taputapu tiaki ngaru (SPD) he wāhanga nui i roto i ngā pūnaha hiko o ēnei rā, e whakarato ana i te tiaki mai i ngā pikinga me ngā ngaru hiko taupua. Kāore e taea te whakanui rawa i tōna hiranga, ā, he mea nui te mārama ki ngā wāhanga o te SPD hei whiriwhiri i te taputapu tika mō ō hiahia. E rima ngā wāhanga matua o ngā SPD: te āputa tuku, te ngongo tuku hau, te diode pehi, te varistor me te choke, ā, he mahi nui tā ia wāhanga ki te tiaki i ō taputapu hiko.

Ko te āputa tuku te wāhanga matua o te SPD, ā, e rua ngā tokotoko whakarewa e wehea ana e tētahi āputa motuhake. Ka honoa tētahi o ngā tokotoko whakarewa ki te waea hiko L1, ki te waea kūpapa rānei (N) o te taputapu tiaki, ā, ka honoa tētahi atu tokotoko whakarewa ki te waea whenua (PE). I te wā e pāngia ana e te ngaohiko nui, ka pakaru te āputa tuku, ka taea ai te tuku i tētahi wāhanga o te utu ngaohiko nui ki te whenua, ka ārai i te pikinga o te ngaohiko ki runga i te taputapu tiaki. Ahakoa he māmā noa te hanganga, nā te ngoikore o tana mahi tinei-āwhata kua hua ake ngā whakapainga, pērā i ngā āputa koki, e whakarato ana i ngā āheinga tinei-āwhata pai ake.

Ko tētahi atu wāhanga nui ko te ngongo tuku hau, he mea tito mai i ngā pereti katote matao e rua kua mau ki roto i tētahi ngongo karāhe, uku rānei kua whakakiia ki te hau kore mahi. Ka whakanui ake tēnei wāhanga i te tūponotanga o te whakaoho o te ngongo tuku, ā, he mea nui ki te tahuri ke atu i te ngaohiko nui atu i ngā taputapu tairongo. Hei tāpiri, he maha ngā wā ka whakaurua ngā āpiha whakaoho āwhina hei whakapai ake i te whai huatanga o te ngongo tuku hau.

He wāhanga matua ngā taiope pehi me ngā mahi whakawhāiti hiko. Ka mahi i roto i te rohe pakaru whakamuri, he iti te hiko whakawhāiti me te urupare mahi tere, ā, he pai mō te whakamahi hei huānga tiaki whakamutunga i roto i ngā ara iahiko tiaki maha-taumata. Ko tōna āhuatanga volt-ampere e tohuhia ana e te tātai I=CUα, e whakaatu ana i ōna tauwehenga kore-raina, e whakaatu ana i tōna whai huatanga ki te whakahaere i ngā pikinga me ngā ngaru hiko.

I roto i te ao hangarau tere o ēnei rā, kāore anō kia nui ake te hiahia mō ngā taputapu tiaki ngaru pono. Mā te taunekeneke uaua o ēnei wāhanga matua e rima, ka whakaratohia e ngā SPD he tiaki kaha ki ngā whakawhiti ngaohiko, e whakarite ana i te pono me te roa o te ora o ngā taputapu hiko tairongo. I te mea ka uaua haere ngā pūnaha hiko, ka nui haere te hiahia mō ngā otinga tiaki ngaru whānui, e mea nui ai te mārama ki ngā wāhanga SPD hei whakarite i te haumaru me te whai huatanga o ngā whakaurunga hiko hou.